The Psychology of Rage
Since my blog post on the "Flow" was relatively popular, I decided to continue writing in the same fashion at least once in a while. Today I will be discussing "Rage" or "Toxic" behaviour in Dota 2.
I will start off analysing the possible and probable causes for it - anonymity and competitiveness. It will be followed by what I assume to be a "correct" response and attitude towards the issue for people who do not participate and dislike this form of behaviour.
I have provided some references and I strongly recommend reading through them. I only touch the tip of the iceberg on some topics, due to a limited format of a blog post.
Shall we begin?
Anonymity
see also: (Madigan, J., 2010)
Being anonymous means having to face no consequences for your behaviour in the real world. It is not necessarily a bad thing - after all we all need to share some things with the outer world once in a while, and being anonymous can help us open up.
But for Dota 2 being anonymous mostly means having a license to be an asshole. No one can deal physical harm to you as a response for your rudeness, or file a legitimate complaint that will result in something more than a "mute" for a couple of days.
As Penny Arcade neatly puts it:
While I have already explained the anonymity part, the "audience" one remains unclear - unless you are professional player, the only people observing your behaviour are your team mates and enemies.
In fact, the work I have linked in the subtitle has referenced an interesting research on a somewhat similar topic from 1970's. It has studied the behaviour of kids that collect candy during the Halloween with the "provider" of the candy leaving the scene, to observe how kids will react under what appeared to be a "no observation" condition and how much candy would they take - the "provider" clearly stated that it is one candy per person.
The findings were astonishing - kids, that came in groups actually took more candy! Even more so, if one of them (usually the youngest one) was to overlook and be responsible for the whole process.
A couple of possible conclusions can be derived from the information presented above - while anonymity provides the necessary safety from the consequences of the decadent behaviour, it is the audience that really fosters "toxicity". And the fact, that most of the trolling/abuse happens in the all-chat, rather that in team chat, makes this sound rather legitimate.
Competitiveness
see also: (Shaw, K., 2010)
Ah, yes. A typical excuse to rage in a game - "I really want to win and my team-mates are failing, hence I have all the rights to verbally abuse them" (Hole, A. et. al, 2003, p.322).
Do you, really?
The article I have linked in the beginning of the section studies the hormonal responses of people in Unreal Tournament 2004 - a very popular game at some point. The sample was divided into several groups, and groups would compete with each other. It is completely understandable, that at this point, with a high degree of competitiveness, the Testosterone levels rose - it is a normal response to an activity of that kind.
Naturally, there were people who were good at the game, and there were ones who were relatively bad. There might be a variety of reasons for the difference in performance, including the attitude and dexterity of players.
What remained constant, however, that when the formed "teams" were asked to compete within their circle in a free-for-all, the best players identified in the team vs. team matches were the ones to have the lowest rise in testosterone when competing with their former team-mates!
So what it tells us, is that the performance in a game, related to attitude, scales inversely with the higher probability of raging on your team-mates - after all, one cannot deny the influence of Hormones on our behaviour. The better your attitude towards the game is, the better you will do in it, as I have discussed previously. And the better you do in it, the lower the chance of raging on your team-mates is.
It is impossible to prove mathematically that the opposite relationship is also true. But it certainly makes sense from the logical standpoint. After all no one really sees Na'Vi, [A]lliance or DK players rage on each other in the game - there is no time for it - your focus has to be singular on the activity at hand - playing and winning Dota!
Moreover, when there is very little at stake, rudeness can not only provoke counter rudeness and disperse the attention, but can also make a person very offended. To a point, when he decides to throw a game, creating a 4 vs 6 situation. So, think for a bit - do you really want to rage, if you want to win the game so much?
And here comes my main point - if one is rude to his team mates in a game, one is not playing to win, because it does not take a lot of intelligence to deduce that his chances of winning are decreasing for every piece of bile they spit at their team mates.
Logic then dictates, that one has other reasons to play the game. The reason might be looking good and awesome, it might be sheer boredom - just to kill some time or to have some fun. But ultimately, it is not to win - hence these people are not really competitive. They are just immature. (It does not apply to well-mannered causal players - only to people who are claiming to be competitive and failing, before they even begin).
That means that no matter how high one's MMR is, if he keeps raging, it will never depict his full potential - one is limiting himself with a bad attitude, while making someone's day a little less sunny.
Another possible explanation for decadent behaviour expressed by some people would be the lack of that minimal intelligence required to deduce the simplest of things. But... let's just leave them be... Their life is complicated as it is.
And as a rotten cherry on top of a spinach pie - while one is engaged in typing/using microphone for the purpose of raging, one is not fully engaged in the game. And not being engaged in a game is a first step to losing. Use chat to help you coordinate the team or commend someone on a good activity (a boost to one's self esteem and moral is a valuable factor) - don't use it to create distractions for everyone.
Dealing and Coping with Rage
see also: MIT lecture on On-line Behaviour
We have identified and explained two main problems that result in rage - Anonymity, with the Audience part of it being crucial, and Competitiveness, with the false perception of it.
I think with my Economics and Politics education I could not possibly provide more insights on the matter, than certified Psychologists and Sociologists, but will try my best. So here are some basic things each of us can do:
Do not rage yourself - this is the the simplest thing one can possibly do. What people don't realise in the ego-centric communities and a whole generation of spoiled kids and bad parenting, is that their actions affect others. And one person raging in one game creates a chain effect of decadent behaviour - the subject of rage is going to enter his next game with a really bad mood and possibly rage himself. Also, if you are a subject of verbal/chat abuse - mute the offender and have a nice cup of tea after the game. It certainly helps.
Communicate with your team-mates - I had a game with several very casual friends - Ranked 5 vs 5. By the 20 min mark all of our defences were gone and we were bunkered down on our high ground. And it wasn't on my responsibility - I played relatively well for my party skill rating (3.8k). But all my team mates fed, and they fed hard (to be fair, all of them are around 2.3-2.8 and were not prepared to face a proper ~3.3k stack). And it is somewhat hard to snowball with Rubick.
The difference in score was ridiculous. I could have raged and blamed them all game, but being a try hard I really wanted to win. So instead I gave a speech about how we have a better late game and that we can win and started coordinating every single aspect of the game - from where to farm, to what items to get. 45 (!!) minutes of reinforcing morals of my friends and heavy coordination later we won.
There are two parts to the story - never give up and boost the self-esteem of your team-mates - they will start performing better. And if you are not in a 5-stack, you know for sure, that the people you are playing with are not that far from your skill - they might be having a bad day after encountering a troll, or just be new to a hero. So, instead of blaming them, reinforce their attitude to win and possibly provide some friendly advice.
Listening to advice is another thing to do with communication. If someone is being nice in explaining some of the things to you, it doesn't take much effort to at least read/listen to it, instead of going mental. I have encountered this behaviour a lot and will do my best helping to eradicate it. Eradicate it by being nice and friendly, no matter how hard it can be sometimes.
And if you don't believe me, you could always add me in steam and see for yourself - I have 194 commendations out of 1777 matches. Almost 11% commendation rate and not a single mute. (Was in LPQ once due to the internet issues). And I am very competitive, but I know what it means and how to properly use it.
Moreover, I am pretty sure if I wasn't that nice and friendly, I would never reach 4.1k Solo. Especially considering that while my theoretical knowledge might be vast, my personal skill is somewhat low.
Use Commend/Report Buttons - I would like to start by saying that I am fan of Valve. Not only have they released Half-Life 1 and 2 (something that made my childhood a lot better), but they have also given us an awesome and a completely free game of Dota 2. At the same time, their commend/report system could possibly do a lot more to promote better behaviour.
Nonetheless, I still urge you to use both aspects - we will never know whether there will be changes to it. (What I have in mind, is that apart from usual Mute/LPQ, they could introduce a % change to the amount of battle points one gains based on the Report/Commend Ratio. Just a thought.)
Do not feed the trolls - the mute buttons are there for a reason. As well as the "disable help" option in-game. If reasoning with a person fails, just ignore them. Without the "Audience" they will have less incentive to rage. It will work out a lot better for you, since you will be able to concentrate on the game, and for the community - starving trolls is a laughable thing. I usually imagine them as 5-year old spoiled kids shaking hands at the computer that has suddenly stopped showing them their favourite cartoon. Let their parents deal with them.
Closing comments
This article was aimed at two categories of people - the ones who rage and the ones who suffer from it.
For the first group I have tried my best to explain that their negative attitude and decadent behaviour does not only make everyone around them feel bad, but also directly results in them losing more games than they should. And that they deserve every single loss.
For the second group I have tried to explain how to counter/cope with rage. I would also like to say that you are the reason why I will never stop claiming that I love Dota 2 and Dota 2 community. And don't take the insults too seriously or let them ruin your game or your day. You wouldn't be cross with a child trying to abuse you, would you?
Thank you for Reading
This is all false. Valve wants to fuck you over and make you lose by giving you shitty teammates every match. If Dota was a good game, it would have the option of letting you buy MMR and buy the right to have good teammates.
Teammates are worse than enemies, because Dota is a single player game, and all other players but you are AIs.
Took me a second to realize first comment was a troll. wp.
Good article too.
the fact that players can't leave games without being punished is a huge part of raging in all ARTS communities. A player that rages in dota would most likely just leave the server if playing an FPS game or GG out of a RTS game.
12/10 post would laugh again mr Shack.
And I can't but agree with this article
Nice blog post! Explains my every day behaviour in pubs :P
I have definitely seen the "performance/attitude" in action, and I know I have fallen victim to it as well. I think it's also self-perpetuating. If you aren't paying attention then your game will suffer, and sometimes when things aren't going well we grasp for a reason for our team's shortcomings. It's often difficult to point out exactly how your team got outplayed or outpicked because there is so much going on at once, but it's really easy to see your Mirana miss an arrow and chalk the whole game up to the crap players on your team.
Nearly every part of the first study linked can be attributed to some aspect of the game and matchmaking. I seem to see a lot more rage (and sometimes rage more myself) when player parties are involved. I'm not sure whether it is knowing you have someone to back you up/agree with you or trying to look "cool" in front of your friends, but I don't see quite as much rage coming from solo queued people. Captain's draft/mode is also a perfect example of altered responsibility. I see more team blame in that mode than ever - when the game ends badly, the captain is often the first one thrown under the bus, and usually by the players who had nothing to say before and during the draft. Having a captain is a great way to shift the responsibility and blame to an anonymous target.
I'm really enjoying the articles like this - well written and with relevant outside sources. Thanks and keep it up!
Thank you for this article.
Sometimes it is very hard for me to not rage and beeing mad. I try my best, but I am a guy, who just can't shut his mouth xD
What I read will may help me to just stop raging, and to be friendly. Because I am usualy a polite and nice person :3
A great article, but there is no point in giving inspirational speeches to your teammates when they can't understand an ounce of english, I'm afraid.
100% agree with everything you wrote. This article reminds me of how a few psychology aspects of dota can relate to poker and vice versa.
Raging at a fish (Let's say he gets lucky on you, one outer etc.) = Bad. You want him sitting comfortable or tilted at your table as long as possible because he will lose eventually. You have the edge, so play to win rather than letting him know how bad he played that hand etc.
Raging at teammates = Bad. Why distract them? Are they miraculously going to gain 5k+ mmr experience and become pro after your rage? I don't really have to go in depth here, this article pretty much covers it all.
Basically, when you're playing ranked or to win, no matter the mmr, leave your ego and emotions at the door when you begin a match. At least this helped me win a lot more.
What a coincidence! There are two friends of mine who I always avoid playing with because they are often raging/abusing. Only an hour ago, I somehow accepted their request to play with them in pub after weeks of refusing. And as expected, one of them started raging and we lost the match heavily. My mood also became very sour after enjoying each and every match for weeks regardless of win/loss. I simply removed him from friends since I didn't know a better way to deal with him.
Whenever your team does badly just ask yourself what would BurNIng do.
The answer is hit the goddamn creeps and try not to die then proceed to win.
I played with a guy who screamed the entire game into a microphone. By screaming I mean some random "aaaah" and roars. He stopped for a second only to take breath. I think some drugs were involved, maybe venomancer looked completely real for him. And that was one of my very first games, so I had no idea how to mute other players (actually, this must be explained in first tutorial mission, lol). I could not turn all sound off, because I wanted to track important events announcements.
How do you rate my patience for listening this guy for about 30 minutes without saying anything harsh to him?
I found solution. Since then I played more games with bots than with real persons. Btw, I hope Valve will improve bot's AI.
Kinda agree with the 1st comment though, my teammates just keep getting worse, no couriers, no wards, not even blocking creeps in mid lane anymore?
You should be able to request MMR boost at least once.
@Spike What is a troll?
@Article
"This article was aimed at two categories of people - the ones who rage and the ones who suffer from it."
I'm not sure you can separate people into those two categories. Everyone in DotA suffers from rage, even if you rage yourself; and I'd probably guess that 99% of the DotA community has raged at some point during the game. People are multifaceted inwards but outwards the constant audience of the real world forces most people to play their role in their daily lives and stick to a persona. That all goes out the window online through the medium of anonymity. Inhibitions are lowered. The same person who raged at you one game may be a supportive teammate in another. It's an extremely common mistake to group everyone into starkly different categories like this. People are much more similar to each other than they are different, and their actions reflect it. That's the entire basis of psychology.
TL:DR Please don't tell me the great KawaiiSocks has never raged at someone before. :)
But what should you do if raging people report you and you wind up getting punished even though you did nothing wrong?
It's hard to tell your teammates what to do and not get angry at them when they speak spanish when you've opted only portuguese language games.
Also, it's hard to report trolls when you get 2 reports/week and play with more than 2 trolls in that week.
Nice text, though.
"And the fact, that most of the trolling/abuse happens in the all-chat, rather that in team chat, makes this sound rather legitimate."
That is not true at all. Sometimes players are chatting to the opponents in order to lower their guard. Of course, there are those players that will be abusive to opponents, but that's contrary to your line of thought. And yes, we must be using the mute button on the scoreboard. Unfortunately we cannot carry over our list of ignored users to another account to try to reset our rankings. Not that we have evidence it would help, but there isn't much of a point to even try at this point.
"After all no one really sees Na'Vi, [A]lliance or DK players rage on each other in the game - there is no time for it - your focus has to be singular on the activity at hand - playing and winning Dota!"
In the face of the abuse the matchmaking deals to its players, it is expected that players will lose their cool and at times, 'do anything to win' and I have been known to win games partially through trash talking that I might not have won otherwise. I even got globally muted after winning 4 games in a row. Of course, it varies from one game to another whether any rage will help, and most times it doesn't. When you have a cooperative and loyal team at your side, it's much easier to be well-mannered to your opponents and to Valve themselves since you're not currently subjected to their horribly designed matchmaking system.
Furthermore, I believe you don't know what you're going on about as you appear to play the majority of your games while not solo going by the information available. This means that you are idling at ~4100 ever since they introduced ranked and removed the fountain farming = higher ranking and other performance based ranking problems. In other words, your ranking has become worse over time and you're trying to claim to be a successful solo player when you have very little experience in actually playing solo. You probably started out over 4500 in both solo and party ranking and simply dropped down to about 4100 since then, and even less for party ranking. All because you are a dirty fountain farmer.
No one really sees Na'Vi, [A]lliance or DK players rage on each other in the game, because there is no anonymity in this case.
@SanKakU
I was wondering, why I have about the same winrate as KawaiiSocks, but he has 4100+MMR while I'm sitting at 3300-3400? So you saying he uses some dirty tricks... huh...
Lmao at the troll in the first comment, also this post is kinda pointless everyone knows this yet no one cares.
hi upgrade to plus page keeps showing not found, plz fix.
kinda hard to help people who tell you to suck a dick when you tell them that you believe they shouldn't get vanguard on ranged heroes or when you tell them that they are not supposed to start 1v5 fights they reply ''my hero wach ur hero nub fk u''
@Chuck
What do you think about Skadi+Satanic on Viper?
"Directly following the outgroup competition, men on winning teams had much higher testosterone levels than the members of the losing teams. This effect was especially strong for the players who had contributed the most to the team’s victory. In animals, a similar hormonal pattern occurs: testosterone levels increase in all competitors to increase aggression and enhance competitive ability, but the most successful males often experience strong post-contest testosterone surges."
tldr: author actively choosing to leave out contradictory information
'So what it tells us, is that the performance in a game, related to attitude, scales inversely with the higher probability of raging on your team-mates' is untrue, since the game is a team vs team environment. The best players would evidently have the higher levels of testosterone and would as a result be more inclined to flame/troll/rage
quotes from link in post
no one likes whiney little bitches in their games. but becoming easily infuriated/'having a bad attitude' in a team vs team game does not constitute being a bad player or performing worse in any way. But some of the arguments i agree with. especially your main point about people who are actively shooting themself in the foot by raging at their team. which is normally why the flaming takes place once the game has been essentially decided, but not finished
great text, contrite
nice blog post KawaiiSocks! explains why almost every game i'm raged at. :(
Awaiting for russian version of this blog post. Can you do it please?
@CrazyDiamond - will certainly do it as soon as possible. I am currently in the process of moving from one country to another, and that takes some time. But will try to have the translation up in the next 3-4 days. Sorry about the inconvenience.
as major rager and game thrower that ruined over 300games on purpose with over 120days in lpq and few muted months I can tell u that major thing behind rage at least for me is overplaying=> BEING TIRED if i play above 12h even the least retarded and meanigless thing piss me of tremendously Its like all normal patience and understanding is gone and theres that approach where i focus more on others than myself
then when I had days w 3/4hours of dota 2 most stuff didnt bother me at all I even played with dudes feeeding couriers on my team from start and my reaction was yeh shit happens and focused on my game while on huge hour game streaks even supports that buy too many trenches piss me off as fuck
+ hopefully i can find documentary i ve seen on subject of frutration followed by rage in indivudals that are 2 tired and dont sleep/rest enough
@God among peasants
You pick Nature's Prophet, tp to their fountain and buy/release courier there, right? Funny, looks like no matter if you in "try hard" or "ruin" mode, you do it in most efficient way. =)
Last night I came home after a being at a bar and started playing with some friends :)
The game went horribly not only because I didn't do as well as usual but due to other people also picking heroes they are not that experienced with. Needless to say the game was a disaster but we knew that from the 3rd minute after :D
So we played for fun and actually almost managed a turnaround as they kept overextending on our fountain :)
It was one of the most fun games I had, as we had accepted the loss a lot earlier and played for funzies with my friends :)
end result was like 50:20 (where it was 20:1), and our carry even managed to almost outfarm them without ever leaving our base :D
So be positive and have fun :)
Such a great article, mate. That topic had to be considered, since mental condition of players is an essential part of good game.
As for me, sadly, I observed few changes in my own behaviour in last few month. I played in 4-5 man stack a lot, but then was forced to play alone for a short period of time with randomly chosen guys, who often made me go outrageous with words they said and things they did. Always calm before, I started to argue with them and even got some satisfaction from this at the beginning. But then dota became a kind of thing, which gives satisfaction by its idea, but is torture in fact. Till now I'm still afraid of playing solo. Sounds funny, but it is true.
Encouraging teammates is truly effective thing, which we commonly use within our stack (not all of us are always in good mood). It DOES work, there is nothing to argue with.
And 2-3 month ago (even thought I play dota2 since 08.2012) I started using mute button, and now consider it as one of the awesome things in that game.
Huh, Comment became kind of confession :)
Whatever, thanks for the article. Hope ones can grow up as good players after reading this.
Btw, it was really great to know, that your fellow countryman works for dotabuff. Good luck for ya, keep it going :)
I do not in any way agree with this article. You are completely basing it on what you feel society has done to peoples behavior and how they react to video games or anything competitive. What you have stated maybe the case for some thing and some instances but it is never this black and white. Then you turn into forgetting about the rage part and lectured on how you can better yourself by talking to your teammates. Not a bad article but quite over seeing and pretentious.
There are lot of people like to discuss this topic but when u got 5 or more loses at row (and you played well in each!) u will rage, toxic and shittalking.
the way i see it, yelling at your teammates doesnt mean you're better, since you are matched up with their mmr. so just shut up and git gud, get better teammates if you can earn it.
2 1200 micrograms, at last i didn't keep that shit inside of me. They earn such behavior so they got it.
As I read the headline, I was expecting you to mention Versuta. Now it's time to start reading it.
This blog post is wrong !!!!! LAG MAKES US RAGE
This blog post is wrong !!!!! LAG MAKES US RAGE
MY INTERNET IS AT IT AGAIN!!!!!!! :)
up chick pls
Very well put. Typing to your teammates gets you killed too when people are raging at each other. You're busy typing, and then you're all alone then get killed.
I had to do an "inspirational" speech as well last night when I was doing terribad with pudge against OD. Afterwards it all came together and the rage stopped, people were in a better mood, and instead of typing, they were following group orders.
Not the case every time but... its a game folks! Have fun please! :)
Hint: if you don't speak the same language, that's what the chat wheel is for.
But what should you do if raging people report you and you wind up getting punished even though you did nothing wrong?
you should learn from Hayao Miyazaki films, namely Ashitaka in Princess Mononoke, and Nausicca in The Valley of Winds
KOTOL GIFF ME MANA
u just made it look like the whole article meant nothing and did nothing to your exact mentality and problem
HǣL
he's a stack player, and has +50% winrate, what can you expect
once the game has been essentially decided, but not finished
which is why this article is in a way SHIT, cus the author, yes, YOU, kawaiisocks, you never for once touched on the real issue as if you are a white guy judging what's right or wrong in cambodia or somalia.
The real issue is the difference in people's understanding in the game. As long as it's not the same, and it will NEVER be the same all the time like the sun will NEVER be the same as the MOON or any other stars, no matter how much they are just the same fucking balls, we fucking humans will never agree with each other no matter how much we are just the same fucking chimpanzee-superiora.
you have a problem with raging? stack, or fucking deal with it.
Nothing you said is wrong, except you need to accept the truth you either ignore or don't understand:
raging has everything to do with THE DISPARITY between player's understanding of the target/hidden situation in the game,
raging or not has nothing to do with someone's individual understanding of the game and what to do, how to play what not to do how not to play----And in my opinion that's what solo pub dota is really about, not so much with raging or being nice.
NEITHER did you go more than skin deep on the fact you can't change one's understanding NOR mention a bit about the fact that you simply can't change the disparity between the players' understanding at all.
And what about after that? How leaders need to be made in a pub game ON the fucking GO so the "team" can really function? How the mechanics of leadership in a pub actually works? You think dota is that simple, you get a bunch of real life friends, or pub stars, you practice together, mingle, you win some games stomps some noobs and expect to win like this to TI? How far can you go?
And you showing off your commendation numbers and % that you have no proof of NOT forging by friends nor from trading with persuaded strangers, not to mention they don't mean much in this context--I mean what are you even trying to prove? That we are supposed to believe you didn't rage a single bit ALL YOUR LIFE and then you are a law abiding citizen and we should all give you flowers and THEN buy into what you come up with? of what raging is, how it's performed, why it's performed, and how it should not exist, and how to cope with it?
You even claim this though you obviously have a shit ton of friends to stack with. I mean, yeah, like I said, you either don't know about solo pub games, or you make yourself miserable by playing with shitty dota friends and call that your proof of experience in "pub" as in you are 5 man vs pub players. It's still a lot better and potentially more workable than playing with 9 fucking strangers, which a lot of people still do in this day, mind you.
See, you stack players, you don't know the first thing about pub games, so DON'T lecture people what to or not to do.